What Is Inheritance, Superclass, and Subclass in Java

An important concept in object-oriented programming is inheritance. It provides a way for objects to define relationships with each other. As the name suggests, an object is able to inherit characteristics from another object. In more concrete terms, an object is able to pass on its state and behaviors to its children. For inheritance to work, the objects need to have characteristics in common with each other. In Java, classes can be taken from other classes, which can be taken from others, and so on. This is because they can inherit features from the class above it, all the way up to the topmost Object class. An Example of Java Inheritance Lets say we make a class called Human that represents our physical characteristics. Its a generic class that could represent you, me, or anyone in the world. Its state keeps track of things like the number of legs, number of arms, and blood type. It has behaviors like eat, sleep, and walk. Human is good for getting an overall sense of what makes us all the same but it cant, for instance, tell me about gender differences. For that, wed need to make two new class types called Man and Woman. The state and behaviors of these two classes will differ from each other in a lot of ways except for the ones that they inherit from Human. Therefore, inheritance allows us to encompass the parent class state and behaviors into its child. The child class can then extend the state and behaviors to reflect the differences it represents. The most important aspect of this concept to remember is that the child class is a more specialized version of the parent. Whats a Superclass? In the relationship between two objects, a superclass is the name given to the class that is being inherited from. It sounds like a super duper class, but remember that its the more generic version. Better names to use might be base class or simply parent class. To take a more real-world example this time, we could have a superclass called Person. Its state holds the persons name, address, height, and weight, and has behaviors like go shopping, make the bed, and watch TV. We could make two new classes that inherit from Person called Student and Worker. They are more specialized versions because although they have names, addresses, watch TV, and go shopping, they also have characteristics that are different from each other. Worker could have a state that holds a job title and place of employment whereas Student might hold data on an area of study and an institution of learning. Superclass Example: Imagine you define a Person class: public class Person { } A new class can be created by extending this class: public class Employee extends Person { } The Person class is said to be the superclass of the Employee class. Whats a Subclass? In the relationship between two objects, a subclass is the name given to the class that is inheriting from the superclass. Although it sounds a little drabber, remember that its a more specialized version of the superclass. In the previous example, Student and Worker are the subclasses. Subclasses can also be known as derived classes, child classes, or extended classes. How Many Subclasses Can I Have? You can have as many subclasses as you want. There is no limitation to how many subclasses a superclass can have. Likewise, there isnt a limitation on the number of levels of inheritance. A hierarchy of classes can be built upon a certain area of commonality. In fact, if you look at the Java API libraries you will see many examples of inheritance. Every class in the APIs is inherited from a class called java.lang.Object. For example, any time you use a JFrame object, youre at the end of a long line of inheritance: java.lang.Object extended by java.awt.Component extended by java.awt.Container extended by java.awt.Window extended by java.awt.Frame extended by javax.swing.JFrame In Java, when a subclass inherits from a superclass, its known as extending the superclass. Can My Subclass Inherit From Many Superclasses? No. In Java, a subclass can only extend one superclass. Why Use Inheritance? Inheritance allows programmers to reuse code theyve already written. In the Human class example, we dont need to create new fields in the Man and Woman class to hold the blood type because we can use the one inherited from the Human class. Another benefit of using inheritance is that it lets us treat a subclass as if it was a superclass. For example, lets say a program has created multiple instances of the Man and Woman objects. The program might need to call the sleep behavior for all these objects. Because the sleep behavior is a behavior of the Human superclass, we can group all the Man and Woman objects together and treat them as if they were Human objects.

Child Abuse And Its Effects On The Child - 1110 Words

In 2012, state child protective agencies received approximately 3.4 million referrals, involving an estimated 6.3 million children, alleging abuse or neglect (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014). Based on investigations, states reported that an estimated 678,810 unique children were victims of abuse or neglect in 2012, resulting in a national victimization rate of 9.2 per 1,000 children per the population (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014). Child abuse can have lasting negative effects on the child; mentally, physically and emotionally. Child abuse is defined as; the recurrent infliction of physical, or emotional injury on a dependent minor, through the intentional beatings, uncontrolled corporal punishment, persistent ridicule and degradation, or sexual abuse committed by parents or guardian. The victims of child mistreatment experience abuse by their parent and/or guardian and family member. Many factors can contribute to child abuse but it is never justifiable. Punishment can sometimes lead to the abuse of infants and children, (Ciccheti, 2011, 2013). A history of abuse in the family and the parent’s unresolved issues may arise if the parent is harboring the pain from what they experienced. Poverty and low socioeconomic status can also contribute to abuse. Unfortunately, a blind eye is turned against the perpetrators because of denial or fear of what could have to the child or offender. The abuser will threate n or instill fear in theShow MoreRelatedEffects of Child Abuse658 Words   |  3 PagesChild abuse Child abuse has gone down in recent years. There is a statistic that says in 2012 that 1 in every 100 children was abused in the U.S (Iannelli,). Child abuse isn’t only physical it could be emotional or neglect. Another thing about child abuse is that it could affect the child’s academics. Because of all the stress that they endure carries on into their school life. A lot of people who have been abused as a child it usually doesn’t stop affecting them as kids it usually carries on intoRead MoreChild Abuse Effects1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe consequences of child abuse can be devastating. For over 30 years clinicians have described the effects of child abuse and neglect on the physical, psychological, cognitive, and behavioral development of children. Studies show that most child abuse is usually liked with domestic violence. The consequences of child abuse are: ââ€"  Physical consequences range from minor injuries, to severe brain damage and even death. ââ€"  Psychological consequences range from chronic low self-esteem to severe dissociativeRead MoreEffects of child abuse2236 Words   |  9 Pages The Impact of Child Abuse In the typical classroom, a 4-year-old child once said, â€Å"If someone wants to have sex with you, you have to do it.† (Rafanello) Child abuse is more prevalent now than ever, and the numbers are only growing. This shows us that child abuse is more relevant now than ever. The amount of damage inflicted on these children mentally range from mild to extreme. This is why it’s important that child abuse gets reported as soon as possible. Did you know that 3.2 million childrenRead MoreThe Effects Of Abuse And Child Abuse2622 Words   |  11 Pagessquad, after finding three young children dead in their bed after their mother had killed them. (Qtd. In Juettner 12). Abuse doesn’t just affect children, it affects adults too. While many cases of abuse are reported, there are still many that go unreported. Abuse and child abuse is not something to be taken lightly, even after the abuse has been stopped there are long lasting effects. Could you imagine being abused by someone you thought loved or cared about you? According to dictionary.com, the definitionRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Abuse On Child Abuse980 Words   |  4 Pagesthe war against child abuse since the first case of child abuse in 1874 that included a child being beaten and chained against her will (Meadows, 2014). Many people hear the words child abuse and think of physical abuse. While, many people are correct in thinking of physical abuse, an â⠂¬Å"Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE)† study done by the CDC shows that although physical abuse is the leading form of child abuse, emotional or psychological abuse is the second leading form of child abuse (2014). AlthoughRead MoreThe Effects of Child Abuse596 Words   |  2 PagesChild abuse is more than just hurtful and physical contact. It is more than bruises and broken bones. While physical abuse is noticeable there are many other types of abuse that kids may be experiencing such as physical abuse, psychological abuse, sexual abuse , and neglecting . Although some of these May be very different from the others they all have one thing in common; they will all leave a long lasting scar. Child abuse is something that should be tried to be prevented at all times. It seemsRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals corrected. However, there are cases that have not been solved or not stopped by the law. Child abuse is common. Child abuse can be caused by a variety of reasons. Scientist have been studying and they have some ideas on what prompt people to harm children (Ian Hacking). They are trying to end child abuse, but there is so much they can do. Many children abuse incidents are not reported. Child abuse may have many causes as in way the abuser does it. One specific factor is the background of theRead MoreThe Effects Of Child Abuse On Children935 Words   |  4 PagesChild abuse has been an issue in America since the beginning of time, but lately there has gradually been an increase in reported incidents of abuse. There are several types of child abuse that are present in today’s society. The different types of abuse include physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Of the different maltreatment types, four-fifths (78.3%) of unique victims were neglected, 17.6 percent were physically abused, 9.2 percent were sexually abused, 8.1 percent were psychologically maltreatedRead MoreChild Abuse And I ts Effects On Children913 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral types of abuse, there’s physical, emotional, verbal and several others abuses. But the abuse I would like to focus on is child abuse. Domestic violence towards children is important because there is a way to prevent it from happening. Typical parents and caregivers do not intend to abuse their children. Abuse is mainly directed toward the behaviors that are given off towards one another. Author David Gil defines child abuse as an occurrence where a caretaker injures a child, not by accidentRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Society1342 Words   |  6 Pages Child Abuse. How does one decide what constitutes abuse? Is there a thin line between abuse and discipline? We often hear the horrific stories of child abuse in our communities, but are we as a society so used to hearing these stories that we have become desensitized to them? Child abuse is a prevalent thing in communities and often time the victims are suffering in silence. We, as a society, have a bad habit of â€Å"turning our heads the other way† or â€Å"not wanting to get involved.† The mentality of

Luminiferous by High On Fire free essay sample

High On Fire is a sludge or stoner metal band that have formed around the early 2000s. Considering their popularity, they are one of the most respected bands in the metal community with many of their fans seeing as if they have made little to no mistakes in their music and yes, if they have a problem with one thing, its making a bad song or album by any means. But that just leaves for some extra enjoyment for the rest of us. Luminiferous includes a slight change when compared to some of their previous works which is speed. Dont worry however because you can still make sludgy styled thrash metal because youre High On Fire for one, and two because you can basically use some magic voodoo trickery of layering your guitar and bass recordings, and downtuning the heck out of it. With such a beefy sound, its kind of hard not to like this band truthfully. We will write a custom essay sample on Luminiferous by High On Fire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The inclusion of 10 tracks adding up to about 54 minutes in length means that it has a good amount of time for something special, and they save all the sludge for the end tracks like The Cave and Luminiferous. Not to say the more thrashy songs like Slave The Hive, The Falconist, and Carcosa arent bad, far from that. In fact, I almost guarantee youll like both sides of this album whether or not youre familiar with the thrash/sludge part in the first half. There could be some flaws, there are some small ones actually, but theyre so small its hard to really pinpoint from here. I guess one of them is the transition between the first two tracks, Im almost certain Carcosa starts out the same as the first one, which ultimately confuses me. The writing for these tracks are great, its heavy, its sludgy and hey, most people are high up on this on and for good reason too. I really wasnt hoping it would be as good as it actually is. I give this a 9.5/10. I am the Grim Reaper, signing off.

Sugar Ray Robinson Essays - Jake LaMotta, Sugar Ray Robinson

Sugar Ray Robinson Pound for pound, the best. The claim has been used to describe many boxers, but it was invented for Sugar Ray Robinson. Never mind the weight class. When it came to boxing, Robinson was as good as it got. . Muhammad Ali called Sugar Ray the king, the master, my idol. Robinson could deliver a knockout blow going backward, boxing historian Bert Sugar said. Robinson held the world welterweight title from 1946 to 1951, then was the middleweight champion five times between 1951 and 1960. At his peak, his record was 128-1-2 with 84 knockouts. And he never took a 10-count in his 200 fights, though he once suffered a TKO. His one early loss was to Jake LaMotta, his career-long rival. They fought six times, and Robinson won five. As recently as 1997, Robinson was renamed the best of all time -- pound for pound -- when The Ring magazine chose him the best boxer in its 75 years of publication. But Robinson's legacy was not made on boxing alone. He was one of the first African-American athletes to become a major star outside of sports. With his flashy pink Cadillac convertible and his Harlem nightclub, Sugar Ray was as much a part of the New York scene in the forties and fifties as the Copa and Sinatra. He was the pioneer of boxing's bigger-than-life entourages, including a secretary, barber, masseur, voice coach, a coterie of trainers, beautiful women, a dwarf mascot and lifelong manager George Gainford. After making an estimated $4 million in the ring, Robinson spent himself into destitution by the mid-sixties. Then he reinvented himself by getting into show business -- acting and even singing. But he would always be remembered for the music he made in the ring. He boxed as though he were playing the violin, sportswriter Barney Nagler observed. Robinson literally made his name boxing. Born Walker Smith Jr. in Ailey, Ga. on May 3, 1921 (some say it was earlier), he moved with his parents to New York. Boxing in a Harlem gym, he borrowed the Amateur Athletic Union boxing card of a friend named Ray Robinson. An early look at the future champ prompted Gainford to say he was sweet as sugar. So Walker Smith Jr. was no longer. In 1939, Sugar Ray Robinson was born. Shortly after winning the New York Golden Gloves, Robinson turned pro at age 19. Aside from a hitch in the Army, Robinson's World War II life was marked by the beginning of his rivalry with LaMotta. It started with his brutal, 10-round victory in New York. LaMotta, a middleweight, won their first rematch in Detroit, Robinson's first defeat in 41 pro fights. Then Robinson, a welterweight, avenged the loss three weeks later, also in Detroit. Robinson won two more decisions over LaMotta in 1945. I fought Sugar Ray so often, I almost got diabetes, LaMotta later said. Just before Christmas 1946, Robinson won the vacant welterweight championship with a unanimous 15-round decision over Tommy Bell. An eighth-round TKO of Jimmy Doyle in 1947 proved to be a tragic title defense for Robinson. Doyle suffered brain injuries that eventually cost him his life. When the coroner asked if he figured to get Doyle in trouble, Robinson said, Mister, it's my business to get him in trouble. Robinson continued to dominate his welterweight championship fights, including winning a unanimous decision over future champ Kid Gavilan on July 11, 1949. Then he moved up and won the vacant Pennsylvania middleweight title in 1950 with a unanimous decision over France's Robert Villemain. Still, there was that enduring memory of the only man who ever beat him. After more than five years, Robinson was reunited with LaMotta at Chicago Stadium on Feb. 14, 1951. Through seven rounds, the fight was competitive. Then the champ took command in the bloody St. Valentine's Day Massacre. The raging Robinson ripped into the raging bull and it was a weary LaMotta who came out for the 12th round, hanging onto the ropes, Robinson's trunks, anything he could find to avoid being knocked down for the first time in his career. Somehow, LaMotta answered the bell for the 13th, but a barrage of unanswered punches